第十三篇: 杂说

原文

夫棋边不如角，角不如腹。约轻于捺，捺轻于避。夹有虚实，打有情伪。逢绰多约，遇拶多粘。大眼可赢小眼，斜行不如正行。两关对直则先觑，前途有碍则勿征。施行未成，不可先动。角盘曲四，局终乃亡。直四扳六，皆是活棋，花聚透点，多无生路。十字不可先纽，势子在心，勿打角图。弈不欲数，数则怠，怠则不精。弈不欲疏，疏则忘，忘则多失。胜不言，败不语。振廉让之风者，君子也；起忿怒之色者，小人也。高者无亢，卑者无怯。气和而韵舒者，喜其将胜也。心动而色变者，忧其将败也。赧莫赧于易，耻莫耻于盗。妙莫妙于用松，昏莫昏于复劫。凡棋直行三则改，方聚四则非。

胜而路多，名曰赢局；败而无路，名曰输筹。皆筹为溢，停路为芇。打筹不得过三，淘子不限其数。劫有金井、辘轳，有无休之势，有交递之图。弈棋者不可不知也。凡棋有敌手，有半先，有先两，有桃花五，有北斗七。夫棋者有无之相生，远近之相成，强弱之相形，利害之相倾，不可不察也。是以安而不泰，存而不骄。安而泰则危，存而骄则亡。《易》曰﹕“君子安而不忘危，存而不忘亡。”

白话文

围棋里，占边不如占角，占角不如争腹地。约束不如压制，压制不如逼迫。夹击有虚有实，攻击有真有假。遇到宽松处多约束，遇到受压处多粘连。大眼胜过小眼，斜着行棋不如正着行棋。两关正对先观察，前路受阻不要强征。计划尚未成熟，不可轻动。角上的曲四到终局才死；直四、扳六多为活棋；花聚透点多无生路。十字处不可先纽。势子在中央，不要只图角地。下棋不可过多，过多则懈怠；也不可过疏，过疏则生疏而多失误。胜了不夸口，败了不怨言。崇尚谦让者是君子，怒形于色者是小人。高者不傲，低者不怯。神气平和舒展，是将胜之象；心慌色变，是将败之兆。悔棋最可羞，偷子最可耻。最妙莫过于宽松有度，最昏莫过于反复打劫。直线走三手须变，方形聚四子多误。

胜而余路多，叫赢局；败而无路，叫输筹。筹码过多为溢，停路为和。打筹不超过三次，提子不限数目。劫有多种形态，如金井、辘轳、无休势、交递图，棋手不可不知。棋中还有敌手、半先、先两、桃花五、北斗七等名目。围棋之理，在于有无相生，远近相成，强弱相形，利害相倾，不可不察。所以局安而不骄，势存而不慢。安而骄则危，存而骄则亡。《易经》说：“君子安而不忘危，存而不忘亡。”

Translation

In Weiqi, the side is not equal to the corner, and the corner is not equal to the center. Constraint is lighter than pressure; pressure lighter than direct compulsion. Clamps may be hollow or substantial; attacks may be genuine or feigned. Where looseness appears, bind often; where compression appears, connect often. A large eye defeats a small eye. Diagonal movement is often inferior to straight movement. When two barriers face directly, first inspect; when the road ahead is obstructed, do not force the ladder. What is not yet ready must not be moved too soon. Bent four in the corner dies only at the end; straight four and bent six are living forms; clustered flowers with pierced points often have no life. Do not first knot the cross-point. When influence lies in the center, do not obsess over corner profit. Play not too much, lest fatigue dull precision; play not too little, lest unfamiliarity breed mistakes. In victory, do not boast. In defeat, do not complain. He who upholds modesty and courtesy is a gentleman; he who shows rage is a petty man. The strong should not be arrogant; the weak should not be timid. Harmonious bearing and relaxed rhythm show joy in coming victory; agitated heart and changing face show fear of coming defeat. Nothing is more shameful than retracting a move; nothing more disgraceful than stealing stones. Nothing is subtler than knowing how to loosen; nothing more foolish than endless ko. If a straight advance reaches three, change. If four stones gather squarely, error is near.

To win with many remaining routes is called a winning board. To lose with no routes left is called losing the count. Excess counters are surplus; halted routes are drawish settlement. Counting blows should not exceed three; captured stones need not be limited in number. Ko has many forms: Golden Well, Windlass, endless cycles, alternating diagrams. The player must know them. There are also names such as rival hand, half-sente, two-sente, Peach-Blossom Five, Northern Dipper Seven. In Weiqi, being and non-being generate one another; far and near complete one another; strength and weakness define one another; benefit and harm incline into one another. These things must be examined. Therefore one may be secure yet not complacent, advantaged yet not proud. Security with complacency becomes danger; advantage with pride becomes ruin. The Changes say: “The gentleman, in safety, does not forget danger; in preservation, does not forget destruction.”