第十一篇: 名数

原文

夫弈棋者，凡下一子，皆有定名。棋之形势、死生、存亡，因名而可见。有冲，有斡，有绰，有约，有飞，有关，有札，有粘，有顶，有尖，有觑，有门，有打，有断，有行，有捺，有立，有点，有聚，有跷，有夹，有拶，有避，有刺，有勒，有扑，有征，有劫，有持，有杀，有松，有盘。围棋之名，三十有二，围棋之人，意在可周。临局变化，远近纵横，吾不得而知也。用幸取胜，难逃此名。《传》曰﹕“必也，正名乎棋！”

白话文

下围棋时，每下一子都有其固定名称。棋局的形势、死活、存亡，也常可由这些名称显现。有冲、斡、绰、约、飞、关、札、粘、顶、尖、觑、门、打、断、行、捺、立、点、聚、跷、夹、拶、避、刺、勒、扑、征、劫、持、杀、松、盘，共三十二名目。学棋之人，心意务求周全。至于临局变化，远近纵横，不能预先尽知。即使侥幸取胜，也难超出这些法度。《传》说：“若一定要说，先正其名。”下棋也是如此。

Translation

In Weiqi, every stone that is played has its settled name. The shapes of the board, the life and death of groups, their preservation and ruin, may often be seen through names. There are thrusting moves, turning moves, loosening moves, binding moves, flying moves, closing moves, fastening moves, attaching moves, pressing moves, pointed moves, peeping moves, gate moves, striking moves, cutting moves, running moves, restraining moves, standing moves, dotting moves, gathering moves, raised moves, clamping moves, squeezing moves, avoiding moves, stabbing moves, constricting moves, pouncing moves, laddering moves, ko moves, holding moves, killing moves, loosening moves, and enclosing moves. The names of Weiqiare thirty-two. For the player, the meaning is to think comprehensively. As for the transformations that arise over the board—far and near, vertical and horizontal—they cannot all be known beforehand. Even victory won by fortune rarely escapes these categories. The Tradition says: “If one must speak, first rectify the names.” So it is in Weiqi.